Australia adopted adoption of STV in 1901 when a new Commonwealth-level Electoral Bill was up for debate.
Apparently Nansen, Catherine Helen Spence and others could not agree on the form that STV should take.
The final proposal was more complicated than the legislators wanted to accept, so STV was not approved. (P.R. Record circa 1902)
(see Farrell and McAllister, Australian Electoral System)
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In Australia, more than just "some" states/territories use STV.
Only Queensland and Northern Territory do not use STV at all.
Upper house
Of Australia's six states and two territories, four (South Aus., West Aus., NSW, Victoria) use STV for election of members of their upper house.
One uses Alternative Voting (IRV).
(Three are unicameral so have no upper house.)
Lower house
Of Australia's six states and two territories, two (Tasmania and ACT) use STV for election of members of their lower house.
The rest use Alternative Voting (IRV).
so six states and territories, out of eight in total, use STV for upper or lower house.
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Why Aus. federal lower house use AV?
likely there were many factors and explanations
Farrell and McAllister The Aus. Election Systems (p. 28-) says (paraphrased):
in 1899 and 1900 PR expert Nansen wrote that FPTP and Block voting was bad
and that STV should be used for Senate and AV for Hof Rep.
because recent enfranchisement of women had evoked poltical friction, some states had done so and others not
adoption of that two-face policy would mean states more likely to approve it, and approval of election system by every state was necessary to make Aus. a country (versus coll. of British colonies)
STV for Senate was widely accepted.
(thus Aus. uses fairer system for its Senate than its Hof Rep,
This can be compared to Canada where our Senate is not even elected)
Aus. first election (1902) in fact saw each state elect its own reps according to its own election law.
(Canada 1917 - there was expectation that women who could vote in a province could vote in fed. election.
unclear and rarely pushed to see if true. whether or not this was true was obscured by fact that women who had relatives serving in war did have fed. vote, which of course overlapped with women who had prov. vote)
1902 - Labour members were unsympathetic of STV to elect Senate (p. 30)
1902 Commonwealth Electoral Bill -
called for AV for House and STV for Senate
(Senate STV was to use Droop, optional-preferential voting (voters could mark as few prefs. as desired); Gregory method for surplus transfers -- all more or less unproven, untested and controversial
(Even the great Catherine Helen Spence pushed for the Hare quota, not Droop)
(Gregory method had never been used for government election anywhere in world until Aus.'s first (or second) national election.)
HofRep. AV -- intention was the House should be elected by a majoritarian system which entailed SMDs.
generally accepted that AV was better than FPTP
debate of the bill was mostly on Senate's STV. (p. 32)
and as exper cold not gree on what form of STV no STV was chosen.
not until 1948 was STV put into use to elect Australia's Senate.
each state and territory elects in state- or territory- wide districts.
at first using Block voting (Tasmania perhaps by STV in 1901)
but later (in 1949) all switched to STV.
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so influence of politics, time constraint, need for state support (at time only Tasmania was using STV)and Nansen perhaps picking his fights, not wanting to push PR on Hof R if that meant risking loss of STV for Senate.
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