Not only does FPTP produce one-party rule but also it is unfortunate that the one party that does rule is usually a false majority government, one without a majority of the votes. And often across whole regions one party who has a small lead in votes dominates and often makes complete sweeps. Even where the sweep is not complete, it is often overwhelming and only two parties take all the seats, despite the two parties perhaps taking less than 70 percent of the votes. Even where the sweep is not compete, the most popular party takes perhaps 85 percent of the seats while the "other" party takes a handful of seats or less. In 2019 Canadian election: Toronto elected only Liberal MPs. Saskatchewan elected candidates of just one party. All Conservative MPs Alberta elected candidates of just two parties. All Conservative MPs except one NDP MP Calgary elected only Conservative MPs. Newfoundland and Labrador elected candidates of just two parties. All Liberals MPs except one NDP MP PEI elected candidates of just one party. All Liberals MPs Nova Scotia elected candidates of just two parties. All Liberal MPs except one Conservative MP New Brunswick elected candidates of three parties. Mostly Liberal MPs, three Conservatives and one Green MP
Central Quebec elected candidates of three parties. Mostly BQ MPs, two Conservative and one Liberal MP Montérégie (Quebec) elected candidates of just two parties. All BQ MPs except four Liberal MPs. Western and Northern Montreal elected candidates of just one party. All Liberals MPs.
Ontario Ottawa elected candidates of just two parties. All Liberal MPs except one Conservative MP Brampton, Mississauga and Oakville elected candidates of just one party. All Liberals MPs
Manitoba
Rural Manitoba elected candidates of just two parties. All Conservative MPs except one NDP MP
BC Interior elected candidates of just two parties. All Conservative MPs except two NDP MPs
BC- Vancouver Island elected candidates of just two parties. All NDP MPs except two Green MPs.
And these results were at great variance to how votes were cast:
Newfoundland - Liberals took less than majority of the votes 45 percent - but all the seats. PEI - Liberals took less than majority of the votes 44 percent - but all the seats. Nova Scotia - Liberals took less than a majority of the votes - only 44 percent of the vote - but took 86 percent of the seats. Quebec In Montérégie, the BQ actually received less than half the votes - only 41 percent - but took two thirds of the seats. Western and Northern Montreal elected all Liberals but the Liberal party received only 43 percent of the votes there. Ontario Ottawa elected all Liberals except one. That is, the Liberal party took 88 percent of the seats there - but the Liberal party received only 48 percent of the vote there. Central and Suburban Toronto elected all Liberals, but the Liberal party candidates received only 54 percent of the vote there. Brampton, Mississauga and Oakville elected all Liberals, but the Liberal party candidates received only 52 percent of the vote there. Manitoba Rural Manitoba elected all Conservatives except one. That is, the Conservative party took 83 percent of the seats there - but the Conservative party received only 61 percent of the vote there. Saskatchewan - Conservatives took only 64 percent of the votes - but all the seats. Alberta Alberta - Conservatives took only 69 percent of the votes - but 97 percent of the seats. In Calgary Conservative candidates took only 69 percent of the votes - but all of the seats. BC BC Interior - Conservatives took only 47 percent of the votes - but 77 percent of the seats. On Vancouver Island, the NDP took only 31 percent of the votes - but 71 percent of the seats. By electing such artificial sweeps, FPTP produces artificial appearance of regionalism Regions that elect complete - or almost complete - sweeps present a false impression of the votes cast in the region. By doing this, they accentuate the difference between region, and thus inflate regional grievances. But in reality almost 40 percent of the votes province to province are the same. at least 11.5 percent in every province vote Liberal, at least 16 percent in every province vote Conservative at least 7.5 percent in every province vote NDP at least 2.5 percent in every province vote Green. So under a properly fair system, about 40 percent of the seats should be the same in each province. Of course the number of MPs elected limits whether this fair representation is possible.
The major provinces though would include this "universal" representation as at least part of its representation, if the result was fair: Liberal Conservative NDP Green Ontario total 121 14 19 9 3 Quebec total 78 9 12 6 2 Alberta total 34 4 5 3 1 BC total 42 5 7 3 1 If these four provinces had as diverse representation as this, even if all the other seats went (un-proportionally) to a single party, the result would be generally much fairer than the present results under FPTP. (About the only unfairness created by this calculation (as compared to the actual 2019 results) would happen in BC. In that province in actuality, the Greens won two seats so if all the other seats in BC were awarded to the Liberals, the Greens would get less representation under this calculation than it got presently under FPTP in 2019.)
The appearance of regionalism would be much decreased, instead of being artificially inflated, as the current electoral system currently does. The districts that make up the regions used above are listed in this Wikipedia article: Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election by riding
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