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Tom Monto

Montopedia blogs on electoral reform 2021

Updated: Jan 30, 2023

Articles on electoral reform on blogsite Montopedia


Written and shared by Tom Monto 2021


my blogs also listed/indexed on these blogs:


https://montopedia.wixsite.com/montopedia/post/montopedia-blogs-on-electoral-reform-2022


===================


In these blogs I point out


weaknesses of existing FPTP,


need for proportional representation in a democracy,


possible replacement electoral systems, and


my preference for STV (preferential voting in multi-member districts)


===========================


In particular, subjects covered by blogs include:



Weaknesses of FPTP


- 2019 Alberta election


- 2019 federal election


- Alberta NDP under-represented since its founding in 1961


- 2018 Ontario election


- Edmonton city elections




City of Edmonton electoral reform


-- ease of grouping wards to make multi-member districts


-- new single-member wards for 2021 will make little difference -- still many votes


will be wasted; minorities, not majorities, will be represented



History of Canadian governments changing electoral systems



Variety of electoral systems that Canadian governments have used



How do we bring about electoral reform?




Multi-member districts


(all forms of PR use multi-member districts/at-large elections. This alone has benefits whether you use party-list PR, STV or SNTV.)


- Multi-member districts are key to having a range of candidates and representative legislatures



Proportional representation (a family of systems including party-list pro-rep and STV)




Single Transferable Voting (STV)

STV - what it is and how to make it happen now!


- how it works

- Sandford Fleming's 1893 book Essays on the rectification of Parliament

Catherine Helen Spence



- history of use of STV in Canadian history


- Edmonton city elections 1923-1927


- Election of Edmonton MLAs 1924-1955


- 1926 Alberta provincial election


- Election of Edmonton and Calgary MLAs in 1948


- Alberta provincial elections 1924-1955


- Manitoba provincial elections 1920-1952


- Winnipeg city elections 1920-1960s and 1970s


- Canadian cities (20 Western Canadian cities used STV in 150 elections)


- Why was provincial STV dropped in Alberta and Manitoba?



Australia and STV


Tasmania and STV Catherine Helen Spence

2020 Australian election - STV proved its worth




Alternative Voting (AV) (also known as Instant-Runoff Voting)


- how Alternative Voting works


-- AV defended from untrue criticism


"Attack on Preferential Voting based on shaky grounds"


- history of use of Alternative Voting

- BC elections in 1952, 1953


- New York has adopted AV as of 2019


- Aspen, Colorado used quasi-AV in 2009 -- "total schmozzle"


- Maine has adopted AV for elections of congressmen, STV affected 2018 outcome


- London, Ontario adopted AV


- London, Ontario forced by Ontario Ford government to give up AV



Party-list pro-rep


-- Ranked ballots versus party-list pro-rep




Single Non Transferable Voting


* SNTV pretty proportional and much more so than FPTP


* SNTV allows diversity of candidates and representatives


==================

[Guide to keywords:


preferential voting = ranked ballots = single transferable votes = Alternative Voting or STV


Preferential Voting = Alternative Voting


Single Transferable Voting (STV) = PR-STV, STV-PR


FPTP = First Past The Post

========================



2021 December

Electoral reform in Saskatchewan


2015 Alberta election NDP victory Rachel Notley Alberta NDP


Alberta NDP policy


Fair Vote Canada conference

MM districts STV ranked voting


London ON ranked voting IRV AV 2018 municipal reform


1953 BC AV election IRV

1953 BC election - Alternative Voting did not make big difference

Instant-runoff Voting BC history SC Social Credit CCF Liberal Conservatives Labour Uphill


=============================================



















=====================================

London Ontario 2018 IRV election Updated: Dec 2021

The 2018 London Ontario city election stands out as the first time ranked votes have been used in a Canadian government election since 1971. (the last use of STV in a govenment election in Canda was the 1971 Calgary city election)

Ontario electoral reform IRV Alternative Voting



provincial districts MM districts Alberta provincial election 2019



2015 Alberta Election NDP victory


2019 Canadian election

2021 Canadian election


provincial districts MM districts




provincial districts MM districts



[as well there may be another blog on Amherst]


provincial districts MM districts




provincial districts MM districts


ranked votes no great thing



Canada U.K. U.S. STV


FPTP Canada UFA 1924


https://montopedia.wixsite.com/montopedia/post/justin-trudeau-s-life-in-elections

Liberal PM

False majorities


municipal reform Edmonton 1960


[Oct. 23, 2021]


FPTP


1968 Edmonton municipal reform


Edmonton municipal reform

2021 Canadian election federal FPTP Conservative victory

Sault Ste. Marie Kitchener


Mun 1924 UFA Alberta STV Edmonton Calgary Medicine Hat



DMP is where two leading candidates are elected by sheer plurality

if single voting is used, result can be proportional.

where each voter cast two votes, often only one group is represented.

"Scientific suffrage," under such systems as MMP or STV, produces more certainty, compared to plurality systems.


2021 Canadian election



Alberta provincial elections

Alberta federal elections Canadian election

Edmonton city elections

provincial districts MM districts


What would electoral reform in Canada look like? What I thought of what Max Fawcett said

The Big Story podcast "What would Electoral Reform in Canada Look Like? (October 2021)

Jordan Heath-Rawlings. This is The Big Story.

Interview of Max Fawcett

London, ON Alberta 1924 Manitoba 1920

1923 - Edmonton's first STV election

municipal STV Alberta Edmonton


Ballot-counting machine takes away good feeling of 2021 Edmonton city election

municipal Alberta




municipal

Colin Walmsley FVC

rural-urban disparity polarization


federal Canadian 2021


federal Canadian

Mackenzie King


federal Canadian


federal Canadian


Elections British Columbia: The Unique Guide For Provincial Election Participants and Spectators, by T. Patrick Boyle, Vancouver, Lions Gate Press, 1982, 191 p



1921 Canadian election

Alternative Voting IRV


London Ontario



STV transfers

Alberta history



Alberta Manitoba STV transfers

Alberta elections

Australia

optional ranking

exhausted votes


Saskatooon-area writer called for support for PR-friendly candidates Saskatooon Star-Phoenix Aug. 26, 2021

Saskatoon


Canadian Union of Public Employees

ranked votes Alternative Voting IRV



1953 BC election - Alternative Voting did not make big difference

Instant-runoff Voting BC history SC Social Credit CCF Liberal Conservatives Labour Uphill


Vote transfers made little difference in Canada's AV elections

Alberta Manitoba BC provincial elections 1952 1953


1952 BC election Alternative Voting


Alternative Voting - Ontario beware!

Ontario Alternative Voting versus PR

importance of multi-seat districts and Single voting

Alberta - Manitoba - BC use of AV


Vancouver's STV elections, 1921-1922 - fair and balanced

BC municipal electoral reform city elections

Is SNTV good enough or are STV vote transfers critical? in pure system or as part of MMP system

looks at innovation-system where seats are added to bring percentage of leading party's seat count (assumed tobe larger than it should be) down to its percentage of votes, the added seats are given to the under-represented parties.

Fairer district elections would decrease the size of top-up required. i suggest STV or even SNTV.

2021 Canadian election re-done as per city-wide SNTV results

Malta

Anthony Hodgson - bottom's up STV

what he calls Multiple Instant-Runoff Voting

four forms of Single Voting in Multi-seat districts:

SNTV

three forms of STV: Gregory

whole-vote surplus transfer (Hare)

Bottom's up



24 U.S. cities have used STV - with more to come

Now Cambridge Minneapolis Albany Amherst (soon)

in old days Ashtabula Cleveland Boulder Kalamazoo Sacramento

Canada: Calgary -- Nelson New Westminster and other BC centres -- Winnipeg -- Vancouver Victoria -- Regina Saskatoon -- Edmonton Lethbridge

municipal PR


Amherst election said to be success even without STV

Amherst Mass. municipal PR


STV works because it is single voting in multi-seat districts

SNTV transfers not as important as some think


PEI 2021 election produced minority government and minority winners

How did FPTP do in PEI's last election?

minority-vote winners means majority without representation


PEI legislature on verge of authorizing citizens' assembly on PR

electoral reform citizens assembly


Many exaggerate the effect of STV vote transfers and their complexity

Dave Meslin

Scotland local elections

Alberta provincial elections

Manitoba provincial elections

Most or all of the front runners in the 1st Count are elected in the end.

many back-up preferences are never considered

even when votes are moved according to back-up preferences, surplus vote transfers are sometimes done without math. Whether it is whole-vote transfers or a form of Gregory where votes are transferred fractionally does not matter in those cases.



===============================

1971 Conservative election victory

Progressive-Conservative

Alberta

Lougheed led the Tories again to victory in [[1975 Alberta general election|1975]], [[1979 Alberta general election|1979]] and [[1982 Alberta general election|1982]], winning landslide majorities each time, with vote tallies of 57 to 63 percent of votes cast.


"Scientific Suffrage" in a 1898 book entitled Effective Voting.

Ontario

1800s


2021 federal election.




Alberta Manitoba BC Alternative Voting ranked ballots preferential voting

Farmers


1952 Alberta election

1955 Alberta election

STV FPTP

Edmonton


STV 1955 Alberta election

Edmonton Calgary



FPTP 1955 Alberta election

1959 Alberta election

1971 Alberta election

1982 Alberta election

Edmonton Calgary


1921 Canadian election

1925 Canadian election

Federal election FPTP


1920 Manitoba election



Vanuatu SNTV appears more fair, balanced than Canada’s FPTP results

[June 17, 2021]


Women on Edmonton city council

Edmonton elections

Edmonton city elections


1920 provincial election STV in Winnipeg


John D. Hunt

John D. Hunt Alberta 1921 election UFA










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